Introduction to Backend Development

• Overview of backend vs. frontend development.
• Understanding server, client, and database interactions.
• Key concepts in backend development: API, authentication, CRUD operations, and RESTful architecture.

PHP Essentials

• Setting up a PHP development environment.
• Syntax, variables, data types, and control structures.
• Functions, error handling, and PHP superglobals (GET, POST, SESSION).
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles in PHP.

Database Fundamentals

• Introduction to SQL and database design concepts.
• Working with MySQL (creating tables, queries, joins, and relationships).
• Database best practices: normalization, indexing, and optimization.
• Connecting PHP to MySQL databases and performing CRUD operations.

AJAX and Asynchronous Communication

• Introduction to AJAX and its role in backend interactions.
• Using JavaScript to make asynchronous requests to the server.
• Fetching and displaying data without page reloads.
• Error handling and debugging AJAX calls.

Laravel Framework

• Overview of Laravel and its MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture.
• Setting up a Laravel project and understanding the directory structure.
• Routing, middleware, and controllers in Laravel.
• Database migrations and Eloquent ORM for efficient data handling.
• Blade templating, form handling, and validation.
• Authentication and authorization in Laravel applications.

Yii Framework

• Introduction to Yii and its features.
• Setting up a Yii project and configuring environments.
• Using the Yii MVC architecture and its Gii code generator.
• Handling database operations using Active Record.
• Working with Yii widgets, layouts, and views for streamlined development.
• Securing applications with Yii’s built-in authentication.

API Development and Integration

• Building and consuming RESTful APIs.
• Designing endpoints and handling requests in PHP.
• Working with JSON data format and implementing data validation.
• Integrating APIs into applications and handling API responses.

Performance Optimization and Security

• Caching strategies, database indexing, and query optimization.
• Techniques to secure applications (input validation, XSS, CSRF protection).
• Managing sessions and data encryption in PHP and frameworks.
• Best practices for optimizing Laravel and Yii applications.

Final Project and Practical Exercises

• A hands-on project integrating PHP, AJAX, databases, and frameworks.
• Building a complete web application with CRUD functionality and authentication.
• Practical exercises to reinforce skills and improve problem-solving abilities.